Cultural Perspectives on Loneliness

Loneliness does not discriminate. Different cultures experience loneliness for different reasons and in different ways.

Our sense of belonging can come from many different parts of our lives and identities. We belong in our family unit or as a supporter of our favorite sports team. We belong in our friendship circles, our workplace, or as a fan of a particular type of music.

Our culture, background, and community are also where we find belonging. Loneliness studies—especially those for making policy—have often focused on the elderly. But more recently, other groups of concern have emerged: migrants and ethnic minorities.

Loneliness in Collective and Individualistic Cultures

Broadly speaking, migrants can be considered to belong to either an individualistic culture or a collectivist culture. 

In an individualistic culture, people are seen as ‘good’ if they are self-reliant, independent, strong, and assertive. On the other hand, people who come from a collectivist culture value being dependable, self-sacrificing, helpful to others, and generous.

Despite this, people in collectivist cultures are just as likely to experience loneliness. This is especially true if they belong to a traditionally stigmatized group or have had experiences of rejection in childhood.

In fact, those in collectivist cultures can be even more vulnerable to loneliness. For example, family connections are highly valued in these societies. People may become lonely quickly should those relationships become strained.

In addition, not conforming to 'norms' like being married is more accepted in individualistic cultures. Those in collectivist cultures may experience more isolation and negativity from their community. 

In some Asian cultures, such as Japan, Korea, or China, migrants may carry the concept of ‘face’, which refers to a person’s dignity, honor, or reputation. In such individuals, loneliness must be endured. Disclosing these might bring shame to their family or community.

A study of Asian Americans found that they are 50% less likely than other racial groups to seek mental health services. These individuals may take the view that mental health challenges are an individual problem and that opening up about them shows weakness. And so, discussion about sadness, disappointment, and depression is rarely encouraged.

What We Can Do About Loneliness Among Migrants

The well-being of migrants is a policy issue in many parts of the world.

Targeted Interventions

There’s been an increase in research into the effects of loneliness on different groups. For example, UK data examining patterns of social networks and interactions found black African women as a group with low levels of social connection and support. Leveraging this insight, governments can introduce specific and targeted intervention methods.

What You Can Do

There are things that you can do to help new arrivals in your area:

• You could invite a migrant guest speaker to your school or community group so that they can share their experiences.

• You could volunteer at a group or organization that cares for migrants.

• You could perhaps help a family find a home.

• You could donate essential items like clothing, food, or household goods.

• You could offer free tutoring or job-seeking assistance to help migrants integrate into the community and improve their employment prospects.

Other insights on loneliness & cultural diversity

• Real stories: Latino immigrants share their stories of isolation in the US.

• A cultural problem: Is American culture to blame for the loneliness epidemic?

• Give back: Find a local charity you can support.

• Cultural diversity: Living in a culturally diverse city comes with many benefits. Here are just a few.

Did you learn anything new? Share this newsletter with your friends and on social media. Let’s spread the power of community in combatting loneliness.